Notes:
[1] B.H. Liddell Hart, Why Don’t We Learn From History? (London: Allen and Unwin, 1944).
[2] Micah Zenko, “100% Right 0% of the Time,” Foreign Policy, October 16, 2012, https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/10/16/100-right-0-of-the-time/ and Robert Scales, “Forecasting the Future of Warfare,” War on the Rocks, April 9, 2018, https://warontherocks.com/2018/04/forecasting-the-future-of-warfare/.
[3] B.H. Liddell Hart, Why Don’t We Learn From History?
[4] John Antal, 7 Seconds to Die (Casemate, 2022).
[5] Alexander Stronell, “Learning the Lessons of Nagorno-Karabakh the Russian Way,” Analysis, International Institute for Strategic Studies (blog), March 21, 2021, https://www.iiss.org/blogs/analysis/2021/03/lessons-of-nagorno-karabakh.
[6] Michael Kofman, Katya Migacheva, Brian Nichiporuk, Andrew Radin, Olesya Tkacheva, and Jenny Oberholtzer, Lessons from Russia’s Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2017. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1498.html.
[7] Cited in Hal Brands, What Good Is Grand Strategy? Power and Purpose in American Statecraft
from Harry S. Truman to George W. Bush (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014), 100.
[8] Examples before Ukraine include Georgia and Estonia.
[9] Valery Gerasimov, “The Value of Science Is in the Foresight,” Military Review, February 2016, https://www.armyupress.army.mil/portals/7/military-review/archives/english/militaryreview_20160228_art008.pdf.
[10] Credit to U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Luiz Vega for introducing the author to lessons learned versus lessons captured.
[11] Michael Kofman, Lessons from Russia’s Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine.
[12] Adrlan Bonenberger, “Ukraine’s Military Pulled Itself Out of the Ruins of 2014,” Foreign Policy, May 9, 2022, Ukraine’s Military Pulled Itself Out of the Ruins of 2014 https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/05/09/ukraine-military-2014-russia-us-training/.
[13] Valery Zaluzhny, “Restraint Under Fire,” The Economist, December 15, 2022, https://www.economist.com/zaluzhny-transcript.
[14] John Antal, 7 Seconds to Die.
[15] Figures sourced from Department of State and do not include post-2022 invasion aid from the U.S. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12040#:~:text=According%20to%20DOD%2C%20USAI%20packages,UAS)%2C%20air%20surveillance%20systems%2C.
