Notes:
[1] Remarks by President Biden Before the 77th Session of the United Nations GeneralAssembly. 21 September, 2022, New York. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/09/21/remarks-by-president-biden-before-the-77th-session-of-the-united-nations-general-assembly/
[2] Robert Person, “Four Myths about Russian Grand Strategy,” CSIS, September 22, 2020, https://www.csis.org/blogs/post-soviet-post/four-myths-about-russian-grand-strategy
[3] Robert Person and Michael McFaul (2022), “What Putin Fears Most,” Journal of Democracy, 8(2): 18-27.
[4] Mariya Y Omelicheva, “Repression Trap: The Mechanism of Escalating State Violence in Russia,” CSIS, July 30, 2021, https://www.csis.org/analysis/repression-trap-mechanism-escalating-state-violence-russia
[5] The Soviet Union’s dissolution and the attendant delegitimization of Communism rendered secular ideology irrelevant for conflict. See, for example, Kalyvas Stathis N. and Bacells Laia. 2010. “International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict,” American Political Science Review 104, no.3 (2010): 416.
[6] Jonathan Maynard, Ideology and Mass Killing: The Radicalized Security Politics of Genocides and Deadly Atrocities (Oxford Academic, 2022, online edition), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198776796.001.0001
[7] Matthias Basedau, Mora Deitch, and Ariel Zellman, “Rebels with a Cause: Does Ideology Make Armed Conflicts Longer and Bloodier?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 66, no.10 (2022):1826–1853.
[8] See, for example, Marlene Laruelle, Is Russia Fascist? Unraveling Propaganda East and West (Cornell University Press, 2021).
[9] Oksana Drozdova and Paul Robinson, “A Study of Vladiir Putin’s Rhetoric,” Europe-Asia Studies 71, no. 5 (2019): 805-823.
[10] In his first-ever speech to the Russian Parliament gathered for a vote on his candidacy as Prime Minister in August 1999, Vladimir Putin stated that “Russia has been a great power for centuries, and remains so. It has always had and still has legitimate zones of interest… We should not drop our guard in this respect; neither should we allow our opinion to be ignored.” As cited in Oliver Bullough, “Vladimir Putin: The Rebuilding of ‘Soviet’ Russia”, BBC News, 28 March 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26769481
[11] Mariya Y. Omelicheva, “Critical Geopolitics on Russian Foreign Policy: Uncovering the Imagery of Moscow’s International Relations,” International Politics 53 (2016): 708-726.
[12] Oleksandr Grekhov, “Fifty anti-Ukrainian Propaganda Books: How Russian Publishers Soke Hatred against Ukrainians,” Chytomo, April 4, 2022.
[13] Levada-Tstenr, “International Relations and Sanctions” (In Russian), June 15, 2017, https://www.levada.ru/2017/06/15/16137/
